{"id":656,"date":"2020-05-12T22:30:24","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T05:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/?page_id=656"},"modified":"2021-01-16T12:56:40","modified_gmt":"2021-01-16T20:56:40","slug":"infectious-disease-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/infectious-disease-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Infectious Disease Tutorial"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1592980636641{background-color: #fff9f9 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n<h1 class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Pneumonia<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Classic findings of pneumonia (with an open bronchus)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Inspection-may have reduced thoracic expansion on involved side<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Palpation-increased tactile fremitus and reduced expansion by palpation<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Percussion-dullness<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Auscultation-bronchial(tubular)breath sounds, crackles and all of the vocal resonance signs(eg, egophony)are increased.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Cutaneous infections<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Cellulitis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"> Increased warmth, edema, and erythema of the skin with ill-defined borders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Erysipelas<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/erysipelas\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Increased warmth, edema, and erythema of the skin with well-defined borders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Zoster<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Vesicles overlying an erythematous base, in a dermatomal distribution.\u00a0Hutchinson\u2019s sign- Hutchinson\u2019s sign is the finding of zoster at the tip of the nose, heralding herpes zoster ophthalmicus with the complications of keratitis\/uveitis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Cutaneous blastomycosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The initial cutaneous lesion of blastomycosis is an inflammatory nodule that enlarges and ulcerates, often resembling pyoderma gangrenosum. Lesions evolve to verrucous or crusted plaques with sharply demarcated serpiginous borders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Characterized by sores that usually start as papules or nodules and evolve into ulcers with raised borders and central crater. The ulcers may be covered by scab or crust.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Infective endocarditis<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Osler\u2019s nodes<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/infectious-disease\/infectious-disease-m\/osler-nodes\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tender erythematous or violaceous subcutaneous nodules on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and pulps of fingers and toes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Janeway lesions<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/infectious-disease\/infectious-disease-m\/janeway-lesions\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nontender erythematous or hemorrhagic macular lesions on the palms and soles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Roth spots<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Retinal hemorrhages with a central pallor, visualized on fundoscopic examination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Conjunctival petechiae<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Splinter hemorrhages<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/splinter-hemorrhage\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Linear brownmarks on the fingernails that resemble wood splinters.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"60\" data-loaded=\"true\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Meningitis<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Kernig\u2019s<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Pain and resistance on extension of the knee starting with the hip and knee flexed at 90 degree\u00a0with patient in the supine position <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Brudzinski\u2019s<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Reflex flexion of the hips and knees on passive flexion of the neck with the patient in the supine position.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meningococcemia<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Meningococcemia is associated with a petechial and purpuric rash.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Rheumatic fever<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Erythema marginatum<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Circular rash with pale pink center surrounded by raised erythematous borders, appearing on the trunk and extremities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Nodules<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Painless subcutaneous nodules typically appearing over joints (eg, elbows, knuckles, knees,ankles).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sydenham\u2019s chorea<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Jerking movements of the face, hands, and feet that are rapid and uncoordinated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Mitral stenosis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Disseminated gonorrhea<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Disseminated gonorrhea is characterized by a syndrome of fever, chills, pustular rash on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the distal extremities, and nonpurulent migratory oligoarticular inflammatory arthritis associated with tenosynovitis.Sometimes the rash is <a href=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/petechial-rash\/\">petechial<\/a> and purpuric rather than pustular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Syphilis<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Chancre<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Primary syphilis is characterized by the presence of a painless genital ulcer that is usually round and firm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Palms and soles rash<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The rash of secondary syphilis is typically a nonpruritic papulosquamous rash often involving the palms and soles, associated with mucocutaneous lesions and generalized lymphadenopathy.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Strep throat<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1659\" src=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-content\/uploads\/iconfinder_multimedia_audio_media-38_3790581.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 63px) 100vw, 63px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-page-number=\"63\" data-loaded=\"true\"><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"63\" data-loaded=\"true\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tonsillar exudate<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Palatal petechiae<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Lyme disease<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Erythema migrans<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Erythema migrans describes a \u201ctarget\u201d rash, seen in the early stages of Lyme disease at the site of the tick bite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Leptospirosis<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Conjunctival suffusion.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Rocky mountain spotted fever<\/span><\/h1>\n<div id=\"bp-page-64\" class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"64\" data-loaded=\"true\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Rocky mountain spotted fever is associated with a skin rash characterized by small pink-colored macules involving the distal extremities, palms, and soles.<\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"bp-page-5\" class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"5\" data-loaded=\"true\">\n<h1 class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Pott&#8217;s puffy tumor<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textLayer\">Swelling of the forehead, indicating an underlying osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, usually the result of frontal sinusitis.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"textLayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Cat scratch disease<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"textLayer\">Classic cat scratch disease (fever and regional lymphadenopathy lasting &lt;7 days) is the most common clinical manifestation of Bartonella henselae infection.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bp-page-64\" class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"64\" data-loaded=\"true\">\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Subretinal abscess.<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1592980636641{background-color: #fff9f9 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text] Pneumonia &nbsp; Classic findings of pneumonia (with an open bronchus) Inspection-may have reduced thoracic expansion on involved side Palpation-increased tactile fremitus and reduced expansion by palpation Percussion-dullness Auscultation-bronchial(tubular)breath sounds, crackles and all of the vocal resonance signs(eg, egophony)are increased. Cutaneous infections Cellulitis Increased warmth, edema, and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-656","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10012,"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/656\/revisions\/10012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/up.physicaldiagnosispdx.com\/up\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}